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卫生部关于加强对在职卫生人员进行 艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训的通知

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卫生部关于加强对在职卫生人员进行 艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训的通知

卫生部


卫生部关于加强对在职卫生人员进行 艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训的通知

卫科教发〔2004〕131号




各省、自治区、直辖市卫生厅局,新疆生产建设兵团卫生局:

自1985年我国首次报告艾滋病病例以来,艾滋病的发病率成快速上升趋势,对人民群众的健康和生命安全以及经济社会发展构成威胁。党中央国务院对此高度重视,做出了一系列重大决策和部署。

目前,我国艾滋病疫情处于高危人群向普通人群扩散的临界点,防治工作处于关键时期。为贯彻落实国务院最近召开的全国艾滋病防治工作会议精神和《国务院关于加强艾滋病防治工作的通知》,现就加强在职卫生人员艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训工作通知如下:

一、培训目标

在2004年在职卫生人员传染病防治知识培训工作中,重点抓好艾滋病、结核病、鼠疫、霍乱和呼吸道传染病(以下简称艾滋病等重点传染病)防治知识的培训。通过培训,达到下列目标:

(一)使各级医疗机构的医务人员掌握艾滋病等重点传染病的发病机制、临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗规范、流行病学知识、医疗关怀及相关法律、法规,不断提高医疗救治技术,降低病死率,做好自身防护,杜绝院内感染。

(二)使疾病预防与控制机构、采供血机构的专业人员,掌握艾滋病等重点传染病的基本知识、流行病学知识、流行病学调查方法、预防控制措施、消毒、隔离、防护等知识和技能,以及相关法律、法规,有效控制传染源,切断传播途径,并做好自身防护工作。

(三)使城市社区卫生服务人员和农村基层卫生人员(包括乡镇卫生院卫技人员、乡村医生、个体医生)掌握艾滋病等重点传染病的基本知识、流行病学知识、基本防护措施、疫情报告程序及公众预防指导原则。为每个社区卫生服务中心(站)和乡镇卫生院至少配备或培养一名主诊医生,重点负责传染病防治工作。

二、培训对象

艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训工作要覆盖各级各类医疗卫生机构卫生专业技术人员和其他从事与艾滋病等重点传染病防治工作有关的人员。包括:预防保健、临床医药护技、检测检验、采供血人员、实验研究、管理、宣传教育和相关工勤人员及乡村医生、个体医生等。

三、培训内容

培训内容包括有关法律、法规和与艾滋病等传染病防治有关的专业知识。

(一) 法规部分

《传染病防治法》、《传染病防治法实施办法》、《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》、《中国预防与控制艾滋病中长期规划(1998-2010年)》、《中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划(2001-2005)》、《医院感染管理规范》(试行)等。

(二) 专业部分

艾滋病、结核病、霍乱、鼠疫和呼吸道传染病等防治现状;病源学和致病机理;病毒感染者和艾滋病患者的临床表现和实验室检测、诊断程序和诊断标准及鉴别诊断;传染病相关疾病;传染病病人的医学管理模式;职业感染和职业防护;医务人员的社会责任和艾滋病等病人的医疗关怀;传染病防治宣传和健康教育以及传染病网络报告等相关知识。

四、 培训方式

全员培训采取灵活多样的方式,如自学、参加专题讲座、培训班、研讨会、学术论坛、远程教育等。培训中要充分利用互联网、多媒体等现代教育技术手段。组织相关会议时要注意安排艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训的内容,城市卫生机构支援农村工作中要把培训作为重要内容。

医院感染科、急诊科医生、社区卫生服务中心(站)和乡镇卫生院传染病主诊医生等直接从事传染病防治工作的专业人员采取进修、集中培训等形式进行培训。

五、组织管理

按照统筹兼顾、分类指导、逐级负责、属地管理、注重实效的原则开展全员培训工作。

我部医政司、疾控司负责省级师资培训,各省级卫生行政部门负责设市(地)级师资培训,各市(地)按属地原则负责辖区所有医疗卫生机构全员培训的实施和统一考核。

各省、区、市卫生厅局要结合本地实际,制定切实可行的培训计划。全员培训每人不少于20学时,直接从事艾滋病等传染病防治人员培训时间每人不少于50 学时。根据不同的培训对象和培训形式,将全员培训纳入住院医师规范化培训、继续医学教育、岗位培训、农村卫生人员在岗培训等管理中,重点抓好医院感染科、急诊科医生、社区卫生服务中心(站)和乡镇卫生院传染病主诊医生集中培训工作的落实。培训中要充分利用现有的教育资源,注重发挥学术团体和高校的作用。

各级卫生行政主管部门要高度重视此项培训工作,做好组织和管理工作,为培训提供有利条件。根据不同的培训对象和培训方式,我部科教司组织编写具有针对性的培训教材,制备培训光盘。

六、监督与考核

我部科教司负责全员培训工作的监督、检查和考核,对各地区培训工作进行定期督导,检查各地培训工作进展情况和培训效果。对未按照要求开展培训工作或在限定时间内未完成培训任务的地区,将给予通报批评。

各级卫生行政部门要加强对培训的日常监督和检查,注重对培训质量的评价和考核。

各医疗卫生单位要建立、健全培训档案,对培训情况进行登记考核,考核成绩可纳入当年继续医学教育和在职、在岗培训管理。艾滋病等重点传染病防治知识培训的考核结果将与年度考核、在职培训、专业技术职务晋升、执业注册等管理制度相衔接。

各地在全员培训过程中要及时总结经验、加强组织与管理,及时解决培训中发现的问题,并将培训工作进展情况及时报我部科教司。


二○○四年四月二十二日



WTO背景下律师队伍管理面临的挑战和对策

黑龙江铁兵律师事务所 周建军


中国已经加入了世界贸易组织,法律服务市场开始对外开放,并全面融入国际法律服务市场。律师的服务属于《服务贸易总协定》和《有关专家服务的决定》中的专家服务。作为以专业知识为社会服务的中国律师队伍将如何面对入世后的各种危机、挑战和机遇?这是我国律师队伍必须思考的。应该说入世给中国律师队伍带来空前的机遇和影响,面对挑战势在必然,参与竞争不可回避。律师队伍只有不断提高自我,转变观念、增强竞争意识,以科学管理的体制、管理方式和手段进行强化和完善管理,才能沉着应对挑战和参与竞争。笔者认为就WTO背景下律师队伍面临的挑战和对策,应着重通过以下四个几方面加强律师队伍管理,以提高我国律师队伍的总体水平。
一、加强政府对律师队伍管理
(一)政府应适时制定、修改相应法律、法规,完善管理体制与机制。随着我国法律服务市场对外开放的不断扩大,我国律师队伍的改革与发展完全在法律的制约之下。政府部门应该适时修改和完善规范当前包括《律师法》在内的有关法规、制度和组织体系,是十分必要的。入世促进政府对律师队伍管理手段的现代化,使管理工作实现高效、透明、规范。
(二)政府应对律师队伍给予扶持和引导。政府应在解决律师税费上,特别是对合伙律师事务所尽快给予解决双重税收负担过重问题。并制定律师收费制度上采取合理价格收费体制,取消在某些专业领域资格限制。引导和扶持一些有国际竞争实力的规模律师事务所走出国门设立律师事务所分支机构。
二、司法行政机关对律师队伍的行政管理
(一)由单一的行政管理逐步向宏观管理和律师协会的行业自律性管理相结合的新型管理体制过渡。目前,我国律师事物所普遍特征是规模小、人员散、综合能力弱,管理水平低,这与WTO背景下的社会需求难以适应。随着律师业竞争的加剧,这种情况急需改变。要扶持和培养一批规模化、高层次、综合实力强律师事务所,以增强抗风险能力。这其中既要通过司法行政机关的行政管理推动律师事务所向规范化和专业化方向发展,又要对中小律师事务所强调规范管理,发展专业特色,鼓励律师事务所提高专业化程度。
(二)是要加强对律师的培训力度。中国律师队伍的发展要适应WTO,就需要提高自己的整体意识。我们必须看到,WTO大大促进了国际贸易、国际投资、国际金融等各种形式的国际经济交流与合作。商品经济国际化和世界经济一体化要求律师服务国际化,特别是跨国经营和垄断集团要求法律服务国际化。这种新的变化,需要中国律师队伍应根据人员构成的特点,由各律师事务所确定自己的专门服务领域,如建立专门的证券律师事务所等。并且,要加强外语培训,熟练掌握外语给律师提出了一个明确而艰巨的任务,并成为对律师队伍的严峻挑战。
三、加强律师协会对律师队伍的行业管理
(一)进一步强化行业管理职能。律师协会是司法行政机关和律师之间的纽带,是实现对律师队伍管理的中间力量,作为行业自律组织,当前应加强发挥律师协会对律师队伍的管理作用,通过协会引导和加强律师事务所及律师之间的联合、沟通、协作,谋求共同发展。
(二)强化律师协会的行业自律完善管理机制。制定有效的方针,科学划分司法行政机关的行政管理和律师协会的行业管理职能,有利于律师队伍的发展和行业保护。积极引导律师事务所走向规模化、集约化发展道路,提高律师事务所现代化管理水平,推动律师队伍的快速、健康发展。
(三)加强对律师队伍培训。中国律师队伍的发展要适应WTO,对国际的经济、法律、文化、语言等方面的知识背景指出了更高的要求。律师协会应当加大对律师的培训力度,使律师事务所由提供的“服务型”向“知识服务型”转变,这是WTO背景下对律师队伍的新要求。同时,律师执业不仅需要较高的业务素质,而且需要较高的政治素质和道德素质。中国律师队伍在建立健全律师的职业道德建设方面,还有很多不完善的地方,律师队伍对整体职业道德建设重要性的认识还有待进一步提高。因此,律师协会应当充分发挥职能作用,加大对律师的培训力度,采取各种切实可行的措施,通过多种有效的渠道和手段,加强培训工作,培养和造就出一支国际上堪称一流的律师队伍。
(四)加强对律师执业活动的监督,加大查处违法违纪行为的力度。建立律师违法违纪记录制度,并定期向社会披露,完善投诉查处制度。通过投诉、调查、听证、处理及申诉等程序,对违规违纪的律师事务所及律师严格查处, 保证投诉受理渠道畅通,查处规范到位。 同时,加快制订律师行为规则和业务规程、标准,进一步规范律师事务所的执业行为;推行律师执业公示制度,将律师执业活动置于社会监督之下。建立相应诚信制度,增强广大律师队伍的整体诚信观念。
(五)律师协会的动态化管理。律师协会应从国际法律服务业的发展潮流,规划我国律师队伍的发展战略;从国际法律服务业发展的大视野,对律师队伍的管理提出适应现代化国际化的要求。及时宏观把握了解国内、外法律服务业的最新发展动态,使各个律师事务所掌握先进的律师事务所的保险制度、业务规划、业务标准、律师行为规范、自律制度、高水平的服务方式和先进的服务理念等,改进和完善律师事务所的管理工作,缩短我国律师业与西方国家律师队伍的差距,加快我国律师队伍的发展。
四、强化律师队伍的自律性管理
(一)强化律师队伍内部管理机制。我国现加入世界贸易组织,律师队伍应该清醒的认识到遇到挑战和存在的巨大的机遇的同时,采取积极措施,深化律师队伍改革。努力完善、优化管理体制与律师事务所本身的各项机制;如决策机制、分配机制、业务管理机智、监督执行机制等,形成律师队伍自律管理机制。
(二)建立律师队伍内部各项管理控制制度。各律师事务所应建立包括案件管理、财务费用管理、人事管理、客户管理、业务统计报表管理、安全管理、网络信息化管理等各项制度,完善的内部管理制度,使各项管理制度规范,落到实处。
(三)实现“五化”和“五懂”相结合。“五化”包括规范化、专业化、集团化、规模化、国际化。这是律师队伍发展的方向,是律师事务所深化管理的内在要求,也是适应国际化竞争的要求。规范律师队伍内部管理体制和机制对律师的自律管理,发展适合实际的规模化、专业化律师所,以大、中型律师为核心建立集团化律师事务所,走向国际管理和参与竞争。我国目前一些省市律师事务所在这“五化”方面远不如西方发达国家律师事务所。这就要通过规范律师队伍的内部管理、提高律师事务所的竞争能力,将律师事务所发展成为一个现代化的,具有良好形象的企业。同时,律师事务所应用懂政治、懂法律、懂经济、懂科技、懂外语的“五懂”标准要求所里律师。律师事务所要全面发展就应该苦练内功。牢固的专业知识 和流利的外语交流是加入WTO对律师提出专业化的要求。WTO背景下需要的是既懂法律,并对相关产业有一定了解、又熟悉WTO的规则及争端解决机制的产业律师队伍,以适应加入WTO和市场经济发展的要求。
(四)提高律师队伍服务质量专业化。我国加入WTO后,对律师服务质量要求的更高,向更加先进化的管理方向发展。但现在一些律师事务所的服务质量还跟不上WTO背景发展的要求,不少律师事务所和律师的应对意识和应对措施尚不到位,需要加强服务质量管理。律师提供的是一种特殊服务,不能脱离国际法律贸易的要求,而WTO背景下最终要实现法律服务市场的自由准入化,中国的律师队伍在这种激烈竞争环境下,只有通过专业化发展,才能更好地满足当事人的需要,才能与国际律师事务所接轨和竞争,这是竞争机制和国际市场发展规律的内在要求。
(五)建立律师队伍整体文化形象。中国律师队伍应当注重整体文化形象,从办公场所、设施、文书用纸、胸牌、名片等都应经过统一设计,全面实现办公现代化。每个律师事务所应充分展现自己的实力和服务水平,突出对外形象,增强当事人的信赖感,提高知名度,树立和维持律师队伍的公众形象。充分体现出律师队伍的诚信、敬业形象。要加强律师队伍素质建设,坚决杜绝社会责任感不强,片面追求经济利益,违反职业道德和执业纪律,严重影响律师队伍的形象的执业行为。
(六)加强内、外交流与合作。一个律师事务所的知识水平和能力是很难完成WTO 对律师队伍的整体要求,这需要律师队伍中全体律师共同投入,相互配合,才能完成。那种小作坊式的经营理念,个体化的运作方式,难以与综合化、规模化、现代化、国际化的律师事务所对横。在WTO背景下中、外律师的合作已经成为必然,这也为中国律师向外国律师学习先进的执业经验提供了良好机会。各律师事务所可以充分的借鉴外国律师事务所的有益的经验和管理体制,加强与外国的律师事务所交流与合作,与国外的律师事务所进行友好的交流互相促进,互通有无,吸取对方的优点与长处,可以吸收国外的优秀的法律专业人才,也可以将律师派到国外律师事务所学习,从而促进中国律师队伍的壮大。通过借鉴与吸收国外的有益之处,对不足之处进行改正。提高我国律师队伍的品位和素质,推动律师队伍整体的健全与发展。
WTO背景下律师队伍面临着机遇,也面临着挑战,它为中国律师队伍管理业务水平、地位、整体素质的提高提供了条件,中国律师队伍通过完善和加强这以上各个层次的管理,建立一套比较成熟的律师管理制度,将对中国的律师队伍整体发展产生深远的影响。









中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例(附英文)

国务院


中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例(附英文)
国务院


(一九八0年十二月五日国务院常务会议通过)

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了加强外汇管理,增加国家外汇收入,节约外汇支出,有利于促进国民经济的发展,并维护国家权益,特制定本条例。
一切外汇的收入和支出,各种外汇票证的发行和流通,以及外汇、贵金属和外汇票证等进出中华人民共和国国境,都应当遵守本条例的规定。
第二条 本条例所称外汇系指:
一、外国货币:包括钞票、铸币等;
二、外币有价证券:包括政府公债、国库券、公司债券、股票、息票等;
三、外币支付凭证:包括票据、银行存款凭证、邮政储蓄凭证等;
四、其他外汇资金。
第三条 中华人民共和国对外汇实行由国家集中管理、统一经营的方针。
中华人民共和国管理外汇的机关为国家外汇管理总局及其分局。
中华人民共和国经营外汇业务的专业银行为中国银行。非经国家外汇管理总局批准,其他任何金融机构都不得经营外汇业务。
第四条 在中华人民共和国境内,除法律、法令和本条例另有规定者外,一切中外机构或者个人的外汇收入,都必须卖给中国银行,所需外汇由中国银行按照国家批准的计划或者有关规定卖给。
在中华人民共和国境内,禁止外币流通、使用、质押,禁止私自买卖外汇,禁止以任何形式进行套汇、逃汇。

第二章 对国家单位和集体经济组织的外汇管理
第五条 中国境内的机关、部队、团体、学校,国营企业、事业单位,城乡集体经济组织(以下统称境内机构)的外汇收入和支出,都实行计划管理。
国家允许境内机构按照规定持有留成外汇。
第六条 境内机构除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准,不得私自保存外汇,不得将外汇存放境外,不得以外汇收入抵作外汇支出,不得借用、调用国家驻外机构以及设在外国和港澳等地区的企业、事业单位的外汇。
第七条 境内机构非经国务院批准,不得在国内外发行具有外汇价值的有价证券。
第八条 境内机构接受外国或者港澳等地区的银行、企业的贷款,必须分别由国务院主管部门或者省、市、自治区人民政府汇总,编制年度贷款计划,经国家外汇管理总局和外国投资管理委员会核报国务院批准。
贷款审批办法,另行规定。
第九条 境内机构的留成外汇,非贸易和补偿贸易项下先收后付的备付外汇,贷入的自由外汇,以及经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准持有的其他外汇,都必须在中国银行开立外汇存款帐户或者外汇额度帐户,按照规定的范围使用,并受中国银行监督。
第十条 境内机构进出口贷物,经办银行应当凭海关查验后的进出口许可证,或者凭进出口货物报关单,检查其外汇收支。
第十一条 国家驻外机构必须按照国家批准的计划使用外汇。
设在外国和港澳等地区的企业、事业单位从事经营所得的利润,除按照国家批准的计划可以留存当地营运者外,都必须按期调回,卖给中国银行。
一切驻外机构不得自行为境内机构保存外汇。
第十二条 临时派往外国和港澳等地区的代表团、工作组,必须分别按照各该专项计划使用外汇。公毕回国,必须将剩余的外汇及时调回,经核销后卖给中国银行。
前款代表团、工作组及其成员,从事各项业务活动所得外汇,必须及时调回;除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准,不得存放境外。

第三章 对个人的外汇管理
第十三条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人,由外国和港澳等地区汇入的外汇,除国家允许留存的部分外,必须卖给中国银行。
第十四条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人,存放在中国境内的外汇,允许个人持有。
前款外汇,不得私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境;如需出售,必须卖给中国银行,同时允许按照国家规定的比例留存部分外汇。
第十五条 居住在中国境内的中国人在中华人民共和国成立前、华侨在回国定居前、港澳同胞在回乡定居前,存放在外国或者港澳等地区的外汇,调回境内的,允许按照国家规定的比例留存部分外汇。
第十六条 派赴外国或者港澳等地区的工作人员、学习人员公毕返回,如汇入或者携入属于个人所有的外汇,允许全部留存。
第十七条 本条例第十三、十四、十五条规定的允许个人留存的外汇,其留存比例,另行规定。
本条例第十三、十四、十五、十六条规定的允许个人留存的外汇,必须存入中国银行。此项外汇存款,可以卖给中国银行,可以通过中国银行汇出境外,也可以凭中国银行证明携出境外;但是,不得将存款凭证私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第十八条 来中国的外国人,短期回国的华侨、回乡的港澳同胞,应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员、职工,以及外籍留学生、实习生等,由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇,可以自行保存,可以卖给或者存入中国银行,也可以汇出或者携出境外。
第十九条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人,如需购买外汇汇出或者携出境外,可以向当地外汇管理分局申请,经批准后,由中国银行卖给。
应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员和职工,汇出或者携出外汇,由中国银行按照合同、协议的规定办理。

第四章 对外国驻华机构及其人员的外汇管理
第二十条 各国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构、商务机构,驻华的国际组织机构和民间机构,外交官,领事官以及各该机构所属常驻人员,由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇,可以自行保存,可以卖给或者存入中国银行,也可以汇出或者携出境外。
第二十一条 各国驻华外交代表机构、领事机构,收取中国公民以人民币交付的签证费、认证费,如要求兑成外汇,必须经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准。

第五章 对侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业及其人员的外汇管理
第二十二条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业的一切外汇收入,都必须存入中国银行;一切外汇支出,从其外汇存款帐户中支付。
前款企业必须定期向国家外汇管理总局或者分局填送外汇业务报表,国家外汇管理总局或者分局有权检查其外汇收支的活动情况。
第二十三条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业与中华人民共和国境内的企业或者个人之间的结算,除经国家外汇管理总局或者分局核准者外,都应当使用人民币。
第二十四条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业的外国合营者依法纳税后的纯利润和其他正当收益,可以向中国银行申请从企业的外汇存款帐户中汇出。
前款企业、外国合营者,如将外汇资本转移到中国境外,应当向国家外汇管理总局或者分局申请,从企业的外汇存款帐户中汇出。
第二十五条 侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业中的外籍职工和港澳职工依法纳税后,汇出或者携出外汇,以不超过其本人工资等正当净收益的百分之五十为限。
第二十六条 依法停止营业的侨资企业、外资企业、中外合资经营企业,在中国境内的未了债务、税务事项,应当在有关主管部门和国家外汇管理总局或者分局的共同监督下,负责按期清理。

第六章 对外汇、贵金属和外汇票证等进出国境的管理
第二十七条 携带外汇、贵金属、贵金属制品进入中国国境,数量不受限制;但是,必须向入境地海关申报。
携带或者复带外汇出境,海关凭中国银行证明或者凭原入境时的申报单放行。
携带或者复带贵金属、贵金属制品出境,海关区别情况按照国家规定或者按照原入境时的申报单放行。
第二十八条 携带人民币旅行支票、旅行信用证等人民币外汇票证,入境时,海关凭申报单放行;出境时,海关凭中国银行证明或者凭原入境时的申报单放行。
第二十九条 居住在中国境内的中国人,持有境外的债券、股票、房地契,以及同处理境外债权、遗产、房地产和其他外汇资产有关的各种证书、契约,非经国家外汇管理总局或者分局批准,不得携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
第三十条 居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人所持有的人民币支票、汇票、存折、存单等人民币有价凭证,不得携带、托带或者邮寄出境。

第七章 附 则
第三十一条 对违反本条例规定者,任何单位、个人都有权检举揭发。对检举揭发有功的单位、个人,给予奖励。对违法案件,由国家外汇管理总局、分局,或者由公安部门、工商行政管理部门、海关,按其情节轻重,强制实行收兑外汇,单处或者并处罚款、没收财物,或者由司法机
关依法惩处。
第三十二条 经济特区、边境贸易和边民往来的外汇管理办法,由有关省、市、自治区人民政府根据本条例规定结合当地具体情况制订,报国务院批准后施行。
第三十三条 本条例的施行细则,由国家外汇管理总局制定。
第三十四条 本条例自一九八一年三月一日起施行。(附英文)


Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

INTERIM REGULATIONS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL OF THE PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA
(Promulgated by the State Council on December 18, 1980)

Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of strengthening foreign
exchange control, increasing national foreign exchange income and
economizing on foreign exchange expenditure so as to facilitate the
development of national economy and safeguard the rights and interests of
the country.
All foreign exchange income and expenditure, the issuance and circulation
of all kinds of payment instruments in foreign currency, and the carrying
of foreign exchange, precious metals and payment instruments in foreign
currency into and out of the territory of the People's Republic of China
shall be governed by these Regulations.
Article 2
Foreign exchange mentioned in these Regulations refers to:
a. foreign currencies, including banknotes, coins, etc.
b. securities in foreign currency, including government bonds, treasury
bills, corporate bonds and debentures, stocks, and interest coupons, etc.
c. instruments payable in foreign currency, including bills, drafts,
cheques, bank deposit certificates, postal savings certificates, etc.
d. other foreign exchange funds.
Article 3
The People's Republic of China pursues the policy of centralized control
and unified management of foreign exchange by the State.
The administrative agency of the People's Republic of China in charge of
foreign exchange control is the State Administration of Foreign Exchange
Control (SAFEC) and its branch offices.
The specialized bank of the People's Republic of China engaged in foreign
exchange business is the Bank of China. No other financial institution
shall engage in foreign exchange business, unless approved by the SAFEC.
Article 4
All Chinese and foreign organizations or individuals within the territory
of the People's Republic of China must, unless otherwise stipulated by
law, decrees and these Regulations, sell their foreign exchange to the
Bank of China. Any foreign exchange they required is to be sold to them by
the Bank of China in accordance with the plans approved by the State or
with relevant provisions.
The circulation, use and mortgage of foreign currency, the unauthorized
sales and purchases of foreign exchange, and the unlawful procurement of
foreign exchange or evasion of foreign exchange control by whatever means
are prohibited within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

Chapter II Foreign Exchange Control Relating to State Units and Collective Economic Organizations

Article 5
All the foreign exchange incomes and expenditures of State organs, units
of the armed forces, nongovernmental bodies, schools, State enterprises,
institutions and urban and rural collective economic organizations within
China's territory (hereinafter referred to as organizations within
territory) are all subject to planned control. Organizations within
territory are permitted to hold their retained foreign exchange in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 6
Unless approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices, organizations within
territory shall not possess foreign exchange; deposit foreign exchange
abroad; offset foreign exchange expenditure against foreign exchange
income; or use the foreign exchange belonging to State organs stationed
abroad or enterprises and institutions established in foreign countries or
in the Hong Kong and Macao regions by the State, by way of borrowing or
acquisition.
Article 7
Unless approved by the State Council, organizations within territory shall
not issue securities with foreign exchange value inside or outside China.
Article 8
With regard to loans to be accepted by organizations within territory from
banks or enterprises in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and Macao
regions, the relevant competent departments under the State Council or the
relevant people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall consolidate and
draw up overall annual plans for such loans which must be submitted to the
SAFEC and the Foreign Investment Control Commission for examination and
transmission to the State Council for approval.
The measures for examining and approving such loans shall be prescribed
separately.
Article 9
Any foreign exchange held by organizations within territory, including
their retained foreign exchange, non-trade foreign exchange and foreign
exchange under compensatory trade received in advance and reserved for
later payments, funds borrowed in convertible foreign currencies and other
foreign exchange held with the approval of the SAFEC or its branch offices
must be placed in foreign currency deposit accounts or foreign currency
quota accounts to be opened with the Bank of China, and must be used
within the prescribed scope and be subject to the supervision of the Bank
of China.

Article 10
When organizations within territory import or export goods, the banks
handling the transactions shall check their foreign exchange receipts and
payments either against the import or export licenses duly verified by the
Customs or against the Customs declaration forms for imports or exports.
Article 11
State organs stationed abroad must use foreign exchange according to the
plan approved by the State.
The profits derived from their business operations by enterprises and
institutions established in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and
Macao regions, except for the portion kept there as working funds
according to the plan approved by the State, must be transferred back on
schedule and be sold to the Bank of China.
No organization stationed abroad is permitted to keep foreign exchange for
organizations within territory without authorization.
Article 12
Delegations and working groups sent temporarily to foreign countries or to
the Hong Kong and Macao regions must use foreign exchange according to
their respective specific plans, and must, upon completion of their
missions and return, promptly transfer back to China their surplus foreign
exchange to be checked by and sold to the Bank of China. Foreign exchange
earned in their various business activities by the delegations and working
groups mentioned in the preceding paragraph and by members thereof, must
be promptly transferred back to China and must not be kept abroad without
the approval of the SAFEC or its branch offices.

Chapter III Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Individuals

Article 13
Foreign exchange remitted from foreign countries or from the Hong Kong and
Macao regions to Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing
in China must be sold to the Bank of China, except the portion retained as
permitted by the State.
Article 14
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China shall
be permitted to keep in their own possession foreign exchange already in
China.
The foreign exchange mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall not,
without authorization, be carried or sent out of China either by owners or
by others or by post. If the owners need to sell the foreign exchange,
they must sell it to the Bank of China and are permitted to retain a
portion of the foreign exchange according to the percentage prescribed by
the State.
Article 15
When the foreign exchange that has been kept in foreign countries or in
the Hong Kong and Macao regions by Chinese residing in China prior to the
founding of the People's Republic of China, by overseas Chinese prior to
their returning to and settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao
compatriots prior to their returning to and settling down in their native
places, is transferred to China, the owners shall be permitted to retain a
portion of the foreign exchange according to the percentage prescribed by
the State.
Article 16
When the foreign exchange belonging personally to individuals sent to work
or study in foreign countries or in the Hong Kong and Macao regions is
remitted or brought back to China, the owners, upon the completion of
their missions and return, shall be permitted to retain the entire amount
of the foreign exchange.
Article 17
The percentages of foreign exchange retention permitted under Articles 13,
14, and 15 of these Regulations shall be prescribed separately.
Foreign exchange retained by individuals as permitted under Articles 13,
14, 15, and 16 of these Regulations must be deposited with the Bank of
China. These foreign exchange deposits may be sold to the Bank of China or
remitted out of China through the Bank of China, or taken out of China
against certification by the Bank of China. It is however not permitted,
without authorization, to carry or send deposit certificates out of China
either by holders or by others or by post.

Article 18
The foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries
or from the Hong Kong and Macao regions by foreign nationals coming to
China, by overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots returning
for a short stay, by foreign experts, technicians, staff members and
workers engaged to work in organizations within China, and by foreign
students and trainees, may be kept in their own possession, or sold to or
deposited with the Bank of China, or remitted or taken out of China.
Article 19
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China may
apply to the local branch offices of the SAFEC for the purchase of foreign
exchange to be remitted or taken out of China. Upon approval of such
applications, the required foreign exchange shall be sold to the
applicants by the Bank of China.
When foreign experts, technicians, staff members and workers engaged to
work in organizations within territory are to remit or take out of China
their foreign exchange, the Bank of China shall handle the matter in
accordance with the stipulations as provided in the relevant contracts or
agreements.

Chapter IV Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Foreign Resident Representative Offices in China and Their Personnel

Article 20
Foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries or
from the Hong Kong and Macao regions by foreign diplomatic missions,
consular posts, commercial offices, offices of international organizations
and nongovernmental bodies resident office in China, foreign diplomatic
and consular officers as well as other resident staff members of the
aforesaid missions, posts and offices, may be kept in their own
possession, or sold to or deposited with the Bank of China, or remitted or
taken out of China.
Article 21
The conversion into foreign currency, if required, of visa and
certification fees received in Renminbi from Chinese citizens by foreign
diplomatic missions and consular posts in China, is subject to approval by
the SAFEC or its branch offices.

Chapter V Foreign Exchange Control Relating to Enterprises with Overseas Chinese Capital, Foreign-Capital Enterprises, and Chinese- Foreign Equity Joint Ventures and Their Personnel

Article 22
All foreign exchange receipts of enterprises with overseas Chinese
capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity joint
ventures must be deposited with the Bank of China, and all their foreign
exchange disbursements must be effected from their foreign exchange
deposit accounts.
The enterprises mentioned in the preceding paragraph must periodically
submit their statements of foreign exchange business to the SAFEC or its
branch offices, all of which are empowered to check on the movements of
the foreign exchange receipts and payments of these enterprises.
Article 23
Except where otherwise approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices,
Renminbi shall in all cases be used in the settlement of accounts between
enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises,
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures on the one hand and other
enterprises or individuals residing in the People's Republic of China on
the other hand.
Article 24
Enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and
foreign joint venturers in Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures may apply
to the Bank of China for remitting abroad their net profits as well as
other legitimate earnings after taxation according to law, by debiting the
foreign exchange deposit accounts of the enterprises concerned.
Where the enterprises and foreign joint ventures mentioned in the
preceding paragraph are to transfer foreign exchange capital abroad, they
shall apply to the SAFEC or its branch offices for the transfer by
debiting the foreign exchange deposit accounts of the enterprises
concerned.
Article 25
An amount not exceeding 50% of their after-tax legitimate net earnings
from wages, etc. may be remitted or taken out of China in foreign
currency by staff members and workers of foreign nationality and those
from the Hong Kong and Macao regions employed by enterprises with overseas
Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and Chinese-foreign equity
joint ventures.
Article 26
Enterprises with overseas Chinese capital, foreign-capital enterprises and
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures which wind up operations in
accordance with legal procedure, shall be responsible for the liquidation,
within the scheduled period, of their outstanding liabilities and taxes
due in China under the joint supervision of the relevant competent
departments and the SAFEC or its branch offices.

Chapter VI Control Relating to Carrying Foreign Exchange, Precious Metals and Payment Instruments in Foreign Currency into and out of China

Article 27
No restriction as to the amount is imposed on the carrying into China of
foreign exchange, precious metals and objects made from them, but
declaration to the Customs is required at the place of entry.
To carry out of China foreign exchange or the foreign exchange previously
brought in shall be permitted by the Customs against certification by the
Bank of China or against the original declaration form filled out at the
time of entry.
To carry out of China precious metals and objects made from them or the
precious metals and objects made from them previously brought in shall be
permitted by the Customs according to the specific circumstances as
prescribed by State regulations or against the original declaration form
filled out at the time of entry.
Article 28
To bring into China Renminbi traveller's cheques, traveller's letters of
credit and other Renminbi payment instruments convertible into foreign
currency shall be permitted by the Customs against the declaration form
filled out at the Customs; and to take the same out of China shall be
permitted by the Customs against certification by the Bank of China or
against the original declaration form filled out at the time of entry.
Article 29
Unless otherwise approved by the SAFEC or its branch offices, it is not
permitted to carry or send out of China by holders or by others or by post
such certificates and deeds held by Chinese residing in China as bonds,
debentures, share certificates issued abroad; title deeds for real estate
abroad; other documents or deeds involving the disposal of creditor's
right, inheritance, real estate or other foreign exchange assets abroad.
Article 30
The carrying or sending out of China of Renminbi instruments, such as
Renminbi cheques, drafts, passbooks and deposit certificates, held by
Chinese or foreign nationals or stateless persons residing in China, is
not permitted, either by holders or by others or by post.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 31
All units and individuals have the right to report any violation of these
Regulations. Rewards shall be given to such units or individuals
according to the merits of the report. Violators shall be penalized by the
SAFEC, its branch offices or by public security organs, or by
administrative departments of industry and commerce, or by the Customs. In
light of the seriousness of the offence, the penalties may take the form
of compulsory exchange of the foreign currency for Renminbi, or fine or
confiscation of the properties or both, or punishment by judicial organs
according to law.
Article 32
The exchange control measures for special economic zones, for frontier
trade and for personal dealings between inhabitants across the border
shall be formulated, in accordance with these Regulations, by the people's
governments of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities
directly under the Central Government in the light of actual local
conditions, be submitted to the State Council for approval and be enforced
thereupon.
Article 33
Rules for the implementation of these Regulations shall be formulated by
the SAFEC.
Article 34
These Regulations shall enter into effect on March 1, 1981.



1980年12月18日